High blood pressure and thyroid

A number of symptoms entail thyroid diseases of various etiologies. An enlarged iron often produces an excess amount of hormones, which starts the metabolism and, as a result, increases the pressure. The hormonal function of the gland can also be reduced, which also forms a kind of symptom complex. Any pathology affecting the thyroid gland usually involves more than one organ in the process, but the body as a whole.

Hyperproduction of the endocrine organ

The thyroid gland is an important organ for a person, his optimal growth, development, metabolism. The hormones produced by the gland contain iodine and are involved in the exchange of all nutrients entering the body. A small organ of 30 grams is located in the middle of the larynx and has two parts. Usually in men, it is better palpable and more pronounced, which determines the predominant incidence of thyroid disorders in the stronger sex.

Arterial hypertension has long been considered an independent disease with only hereditary predisposition in etiology. But a deep study of the pathology showed that there is a separate type of hypertension, called symptomatic. Provokes high pressure in this case, a lot of somatic diseases of organs throughout the body. And thyroid disease is no exception.

Often, high blood pressure becomes the first symptom when a patient with an overproduction of the thyroid gland seeks help.

Calcitonin, thyroxine, triiodothyronine in this case are present in the blood in elevated values, which reflects a detailed laboratory analysis. They trigger all the factors that increase blood pressure.

But an increase in vascular tone is not the most serious symptom of thyroid hyperfunction. If you are late with compensatory treatment, the thyroid gland will increase to a size visible to the naked eye, cysts and oncogenic formations will form in it. Perhaps the most unpleasant symptom is the resulting cosmetic defect - protrusion of the eyeballs. Also, patients lose weight beyond recognition, become intolerant and irritable. The previously performed amount of work becomes unbearable for them, the slightest physical activity causes shortness of breath and heart palpitations.

Doctors palpation and with the help of analyzes establish five stages of an increase in the endocrine organ.

• The zero stage reflects the absolute norm.
• With an increase in the gland to a size that can be felt, the first stage of hyperthyroidism is established.
• If such an increase in the volume of the gland is not stopped, then it will begin to deform the neck and make it difficult to swallow, which corresponds to the second stage.
• The third stage of gland enlargement is accompanied by changes in the external appearance of a person so much that it is noticeable to people around him.
• The fourth and fifth stages are distinguished by a gigantic increase in the gland.

Decreased function

A decrease in thyroid function is referred to as hypothyroidism and has characteristic symptoms, including arterial hypertension. Hypothyroidism can be of two types: associated with direct damage to the gland itself or due to a violation of higher nerve centers. In both cases, the level of thyroxine, a hormone responsible for many metabolic processes, drops.

Patients have the same symptoms in both forms of reduced thyroid function, but the treatment required is different for each. They also have similar clinical pictures, which most often remain latent for a long time, so that the patient does not particularly pay attention to them and turns to the doctor rather late. Help for such persons is most often required in connection with complaints of neurogenic symptoms, pain in the heart, and shortness of breath.

Hypothyroidism causes a lot of disorders of the cardiovascular system, among which hypertension is the leader. But a decrease in thyroxin directly affects the heart and blood vessels, and also indirectly due to the effect on other organs. Often, blood pressure rises along with an exacerbation of coronary heart disease, cardiopathy, and dyslipidemic syndrome.

Sufficient blood supply to the organs is impossible in conditions of reduced heart rate, which is compensated by high pressure. Basically, the diastolic index increases, by which the severity of hypothyroidism is often assessed.

Increased vascular tone is determined by a complex of factors:

1. Thyroid-stimulating hormone does not produce its vasodilating effect.
2. The main exchange is slowed down, heat transfer is limited.
3. The rheological blood is noticeably worsened.

Hypertension secondary to hypothyroidism often masquerades as the renin form of secondary renal hypertension. Differentiation of these conditions allows analysis of the level of renin, which is reduced with insufficient thyroid function.

Therapeutic activities

High blood pressure against the background of any thyroid disorder implies the treatment of the underlying disease. In addition to drug therapy, it should be supplemented by a whole range of measures on the part of the patient himself. First of all, it concerns the diet, in which it is necessary to include foods enriched with iodine. Preventive treatment is provided by nuts, persimmon, seafood, seaweed. But you should not abuse such food either: the total amount of iodine trace element should not exceed 200 micrograms during the day.

It is a mistake to assume that it is possible to saturate the body with iodine solutions or another medical preparation - Lugol. The dosage of these funds far exceeds the required amount of a microelement, the need for which also cannot be determined by eye.

The iodine grid can help determine the saturation of the body with the necessary trace element. Its disappearance after five hours from the moment of application indicates an iodine deficiency, while its prolonged stay for more than a day on the skin indicates a complete balance of the element in the body.

Thyrostatic drugs become the drugs of choice for mild hyperthyroidism, when hypertension also does not have exorbitant pressure figures. In therapeutic tactics, the age of the patient is important. The milestone of fifty years determines the frequent ineffectiveness of antithyroid drugs, which can replace the treatment with radioactive iodine. It is used for concomitant diffuse thyroid goiter.

There are cases when any method of exposure triggers the reverse development of the disease with its flow into hypothyroidism.

The situation is somewhat more complicated when the disease of the thyroid gland actively progresses with the formation of bulging eyes. Such a complication can lead to pathology of the outer membranes of the eye, which implies its preventive treatment in the form of instillation of drops, laying ointments with an antibiotic and anti-inflammatory effect.

It is necessary to monitor the patient's body temperature. Hyperthyroidism is an excellent background for infection and the imposition of processes with excessive heat release can increase the temperature to critical numbers. Increased sweating makes patients dress lightly, which mediates to be protected from drafts and sudden changes in ambient temperatures.

The main problem of people with hypothyroidism is apathy. Their treatment requires a courteous attitude from physicians and relatives. A slow metabolism for a number of reasons increases blood pressure, which can be further increased by gaining extra pounds. Regular weighing of patients allows you to monitor the severity of the process.

Reduced metabolism due to thyroid disease makes patients always cold, which requires maintaining an optimal microclimate for them. Blood pressure and body temperature of patients requires careful monitoring. Preventive treatment is required for patients' skin that becomes rough and dehydrated.

The thyroid gland with its pathologies provides a lot of disorders of the cardiovascular system:

• blood pressure rises
• heart rate quickens or slows down
• arrhythmias are observed.

Treatment of thyroid pathologies can also be operative when the gland reaches a large size. If conservative therapy is unable to stop the process, only the operation stops the excessive growth of the gland. There are quite extensive interventions, after which the function of the gland can be significantly reduced. For such patients, optimal hormone replacement therapy is selected.

Abrupt withdrawal or even reduced dosage of antithyroid drugs can also trigger the release of large amounts of active hormones. A crisis of this etiology is somewhat different from hypertensive and requires its own treatment.

So, the temperature of patients rises to a critical level, they sweat a lot, are mentally excited, are in a panic or fear.

Often there are disruptions in the heart rhythm, dyspeptic disorders with acute pain in the abdomen, excruciating headaches and loss of consciousness. Emergency treatment of such conditions consists in the intravenous administration of Mercazolil, cardiac glycosides, and a sedative.

Thus, most pathologies of the thyroid gland indirectly affect the cardiovascular system, which causes not only an increase in pressure, but also a disruption in the rhythm, and cardiopathies are observed.

Only the elimination of the underlying disease will help reduce pressure, restore the activity of the heart and blood vessels to an optimal level.

The treatment plan should be drawn up by an endocrinologist in collaboration with a cardiologist or an internist observing the patient. The patient's interest in the successful outcome of the disease programs him for a speedy recovery.