Tablets from high blood pressure under the language of the name

The urgency of the problem of high pressure among the population is only gaining momentum over time. Developed countries focus on this pathology and include the fight against it in national health programs. Hypertension, in fact, is easily corrected by fast-acting drugs for resorption under the tongue, but for each patient, the complications of this disease bring the greatest damage.

Disease pathogenesis

In the arsenal of modern medicine, there are many drugs for hypertension in various pharmacological forms. Traditional medicine does not lag behind traditional medicine, the advice of which is also effective in relieving high blood pressure. In addition, the human body tends to adapt to such a state: hypertension causes a restructuring of the heart and changes in the entire vascular bed.

There are a great many regulatory mechanisms of blood pressure in the human body. The vessels themselves, the kidneys, the heart, and the brain are directly involved in this process.

Each organ plays a specific role in the multilevel regulation of arterial tone:

1. Vascular receptors respond to a decrease in the amount of blood or hypovolemia.
2. The heart increases its contractility and cardiac output in response to a decrease in blood volume.
3. The indicators of the level of pressure for the excretory organs are the renal vessels, the vasospasm of which determines the release of biologically active substances into them.
4. Hormone-like substances in the brain are also produced in response to reduced blood flow.

In accordance with these mechanisms, the main directions of therapy for arterial hypertension have been developed.

Only complex treatment, including several drugs or multicomponent medications, will allow you to adjust blood pressure to normal

However, a timely appeal to a specialist will narrow the range of prescribed drugs and limit them to convenient use under the tongue. Pharmacy production is a lot of such drugs that quickly eliminate pressure deviations from the established norm.

sublingual medications

Pressure pills differ in therapeutic effect, as well as methods of administration.

The convenience of using drugs under the tongue determines the prevalence of such drugs and their predominant prescription by a doctor.

• Sublingual administration of the drug means that the dosage form in the form of a tablet must be placed under the tongue. From the sublingual region, the medicinal substance enters directly into the bloodstream due to the rich blood supply to this anatomical zone. This is especially important for lowering pressure, when you can not hesitate even a second. In this way, many other means for the cardiovascular system, steroids, minerals and vitamins are used.
• The simplicity of the sublingual route of drug administration is available even to a child. After all, it is quite simple to place the tablet under the tongue and dissolve it until completely dissolved. The epithelial lining of the mouth produces digestive enzymes, which requires an extensive capillary network. Scientists noticed this and decided to use it for a new method of administering the drug inside. The drug instantly enters the smallest venules and also quickly reaches the heart muscle, and then it spreads throughout the body.
• It is the speed of action that makes sublingual use of drugs preferable to oral administration. The tool also bypasses the digestive tract, and, therefore, will not be subject to destruction by the strongest acids in the stomach and intestines. Naturally, the interaction of the drug with salivary enzymes is not excluded, but by their nature they are not so aggressive.

This method is extremely in demand for antihypertensive drugs. Rapid penetration into the venous network causes a lightning-fast flow of the active substance to the heart, and, therefore, determines the immediate effect. Often, patients endure life-threatening symptoms of high blood pressure so that they drive themselves into a hypertensive crisis. Antihypertensive tablets, when resorbed, act as quickly as possible and are the main first aid items before the patient is admitted to the hospital.

Captopril as an antihypertensive sublingual drug

The most widespread among antihypertensive drugs used for resorption under the tongue is captopril. It belongs to a special group of drugs for pressure - angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. This enzyme is produced by the kidneys in response to normal hypotension or hypovolemia. Failures in this complex scheme of pressure regulation cause a persistent increase in blood pressure, which captopril is designed to combat.

It is also the drug of choice for hypertension in combination with the following pathologies:

1. Bronchial asthma.
2. Insufficiency of the heart of any degree.
3. Myocardiostrophy.
4. Nephropathy on the background of diabetes mellitus.

Captopril, due to its action, not only lowers blood pressure, but unloads the heart. Inhibition of the reaction of the transition of angiotensin I to angiotensin II prevents a pronounced vasoconstrictor effect, which adds work to the heart muscle. At the same time, dilated vessels compensate for high pressure.

The systemic use of this tablet under the tongue or orally effectively reduces pressure and prevents its sharp rise. The effect of sublingual administration is achieved after fifteen minutes, when swallowed with plenty of water - after an hour. The pressure can become fully controlled only after stable use of captopril for a month or more.

Unloading the heart after the use of captopril is possible due to its vasodilating effect. The heart loses the need to push blood into vessels with high peripheral resistance, which means it expends less energy and requires less oxygen supply. So, captopril is indicated for people after myocardial infarction or advanced heart failure for good exercise tolerance and alleged stress of various etiologies.

The vasoconstriction of diabetic nephropathy is also expanded by the stable use of captopril, which alleviates the condition of patients with this type of metabolic disorder.

It is worth noting that captopril tablets are often included in combination therapy for high blood pressure. It is prescribed in combination with beta-blockers, sartans, calcium antagonists. The drug does not have the side effect of fluid retention as in similar antihypertensive drugs. Here, captopril has a clear advantage, as it does not require the additional prescription of a separate diuretic or diuretic. With the use of many drugs for high blood pressure, fluid is retained in the body due to the activation of many receptors. But captopril does not have this property and is often prescribed as a single drug.

Captopril tablets are available in small dosage forms with a convenient dosage. A rapid decrease in pressure is carried out by sublingual administration, when the therapeutic effect develops after fifteen minutes. This helps to stop a hypertensive crisis and avoid serious hypoxic changes in the heart muscle or brain.

The pressure not only decreases, but also disappear:

• heartache,
• labored breathing,
• dyspnea.

However, the patient requires immediate delivery to the hospital to clarify the diagnosis and examination.

Often, hypertension is acquired by women during pregnancy. Studies have shown that the appointment of captopril in this physiological state is contraindicated due to its toxic effect on the fetus or fetus. When pregnancy is established, captopril should be urgently discontinued and its less carcinogenic analogue should be prescribed. Natural feeding is also impossible with the systemic use of captopril, since the drug adheres well to the secret of the mammary glands. If it is impossible to cancel captopril, the child should be transferred to artificial mixtures.

Captopril in pediatrics is used only for health reasons.

Tablets of this ACE inhibitor have practically no side effects. However, with systemic use of the drug, the excretory function of the kidneys may suffer. Often, protein impurities in the urine appear in patients after a month of taking captopril, but they can also be eliminated on their own. The main thing is that the level of protein in the urine does not exceed 1000 mg per day, when kidney failure will be observed, which approximately 20 percent of patients with high blood pressure are prone to.

With caution, captopril is used in such diseases:

1. Systemic vasculitis.
2. Connective tissue diseases in the acute period.
3. With systemic immunosuppressive therapy.
4. With allergic reactions and desensitizing therapy.

Anaprilin as an antihypertensive sublingual drug

Anaprilin is a drug with several therapeutic effects, one of which is hypotensive. The drug belongs to the category of beta-blockers of non-selective action. The drug not only works in relation to high blood pressure, but also relieves ischemic pain in the heart and eliminates arrhythmia.

On the heart, anaprilin has a whole range of beneficial effects:

1. Reduces the frequency of contractions and the intensity of pulse waves.
2. Reduces the excitability of the myocardium and its susceptibility to nerve impulses.
3. Myocardial contractility is reduced.

The appointment of anaprilin on the first day increases vascular resistance. Later, it returns to normal levels, while systemic use causes its decrease. This is due to the combined susceptibility of alpha and beta receptors to anaprilin, the first of which eventually lose the intensity of their reaction.

The decrease in pressure from anaprilin occurs due to a decrease in the volume of blood ejected by the heart per minute. Also, the drug stimulates the expansion of peripheral veins and arteries, blocks renin hypersecretion and increased susceptibility of baroreceptors in the aorta to hypovolemia. A persistent decrease in blood pressure does not occur immediately, approximately by the third week of systemic use.

Heart pain is reduced by two negative effects: chronotropic and inotropic. Reduced heart rate restores the necessary duration of diastole, which, in turn, leads to improved perfusion of the myocardium and other tissues. However, this diastolic distensibility of the heart muscle may mediate increased oxygen demand over time. This is especially true for patients with chronic heart failure.

The use of a beta-blocker during pregnancy and lactation is permissible only in cases where the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the risk of malformations for the child. The development of the fetus should be strictly controlled with the hopeless appointment of anaprilin, and three days before the expected birth, it should be canceled. In utero, the fetus may suffer from hypoglycemia, bradycardia, growth retardation. Natural feeding also needs to be monitored and canceled in case of any pathological symptoms in the child.

Susceptibility to anaprilin is also present in the bronchi and the entire pulmonary system due to the presence in them of special tissue receptors that form a response to the active substance of the drug.

It is used with caution in patients with:

• chronic obstruction,
• atelectatic disease,
• bronchial asthma,
• bronchitis of viral and infectious etiology.

Some systemic diseases also require vigilance: decompensated heart failure, glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus, renal or hepatic insufficiency, thyroid dysfunction. Exacerbates the intake of anaprilin chronic psoriasis and eczema skin lesions. These high blood pressure pills have not been studied for safety in children, therefore they are not used in pediatrics, as well as in geriatrics.

Nifedipine as an antihypertensive agent

Nifedipine works as an antihypertensive and also relieves constricting pains in the heart. The drug is a calcium channel blocker, which is expressed by the expansion of the coronary arteries, as well as vessels throughout the body. Positively charged calcium is involved in the formation of the action potential, which mediates the narrowing of the vascular bed. Blocking the ion at the stage of its entry into the cell cancels this effect.

Nifedipine is indicated for sublingual administration if an angina attack is taken by surprise or the pressure rises above the established norm. A tablet with the required dosage of the drug must be placed under the tongue, while the patient is transferred to a horizontal position. In the absence of effect after half an hour, the tablet can be taken again.

More than two tablets should not be taken, as there is a high risk of acute intoxication against the background of nifedipine.

There may be:

1. Migraine-like headache.
2. Develop persistent hypotension and bradycardia.
3. A pulse wave may not be felt on the peripheral vessels.
4. In the worst case, patients lose consciousness due to collapse or dysfunction of the sinus node.

Rapid gastric lavage with activated charcoal may relieve symptoms of intoxication. But if the symptoms of an overdose are significantly pronounced or increase, it is necessary to use intravenously the antidote of the drug - calcium. It is administered intravenously in the form of gluconate or metal chloride.

After sublingual administration of the drug, the following side effects occur:

1. The chair may be upset.
2. Heartburn or increased gas formation occurs.
3. The liver may also weaken its enzymatic function.
4. The skin may become dry and hyperemic.
5. Edema may appear around the periphery.
6. Night rest can get out of the usual schedule, sleep becomes intermittent or incomplete.
7. The amount of urine per day may increase, but in general, the excretory organs do not suffer.

Drug interactions with most drugs occur without pronounced potentiation or weakening of the effects. Various foods and dishes do not affect the absorption of the drug.

Some time ago, nifedipine was successfully used in obstetric practice. He was almost the only drug to reduce the tone of the uterus with the threat of premature birth or miscarriage. At the moment, more targeted drugs for the uterus have appeared in medicine, the side effects of which are less pronounced. But nifedipine has not faded into the background due to the fact that it has a combined effect on the cardiovascular and reproductive systems. For pregnant women with high blood pressure and the threat of miscarriage or interruption, the drug is prescribed according to indications and an assessment of the risk to the fetus.

Nifedipine is available as tablets for two purposes:

1. Fast action. For relatively healthy patients, tablets with a rapid onset of effect are prescribed for resorption under the tongue, which makes it possible to relieve episodic rises in pressure and chest pain.
2. Prolonged action. The long-acting drug has a convenient dosage, so it is enough to take it once a day.

Analogues and precursors of the drug are required to be applied up to three times a day to develop the desired effect.

Nifedipine meets all quality categories of the pharmaceutical industry and is constantly tested for interactions with new drugs and treatments. Generics of nifedipine also appear more and more, it is also part of the combined preparations.

For high pressure, tablets under the tongue can be used for emergency relief. The drugs of choice in this case are captopril and anaprilin. Based on their name and mechanism of action, they fight pressure as efficiently as possible.

A convenient sublingual form of taking the tablet reduces the duration of the effect and allows the drugs not to be destroyed by the aggressive environment of the gastrointestinal tract. A few moments are necessary for the penetration of the active substance of the drugs to the heart in order to reduce the versatile load on it. Antihypertensive drugs eliminate vasospasm, which plays a major role in high blood pressure.

However, self-administration of any of the funds is not recommended, since each of them has contraindications and recommendations for taking with caution. The doctor also sets the dose of the drug, which is able to eliminate the acute manifestation of the disease and does not reduce the effect of concomitant medications.

Reducing the pressure does not cancel the visit to the doctor. Preventive examination after a hypertensive crisis will prevent new episodes of a pathological condition that threatens life, as well as reducing its quality.