High blood pressure pills

Approximately one third of the world's population suffers from high blood pressure . In addition to abandoning the usual way of life, the disease causes a high risk of imminent hemorrhages in the brain or heart muscle. It also provokes many problems with the heart in the direction of its chronic insufficiency. A qualified physician removes the symptomatic consequences of hypertension by prescribing drugs that act on the primary disease. Pressure pills have several mechanisms of action, which leads to a rather extensive list of these medicines.

High blood pressure factors

Its values ​​can vary significantly depending on the diameter of the vessel and its distance from the heart, as well as in pathological conditions.

Pressure is expressed through two numbers, the names of which are associated with the activity of the heart. Thus, the systolic parameter is a reflection of blood pressure at the time of active contraction of the heart - its systole. The second indicator - diastolic pressure - falls at the moment of relaxation of the myocardium and is formed due to vascular resistance, and, therefore, is informative about the state of the vessels.

As the vessels move away from the heart, the pressure in them tends to decrease, so that in the capillaries this parameter is independent of the force of cardiac output, its frequency and volume. The biologically active substance of the kidneys, renin, which can increase the diastolic pressure parameter, has some effect on vascular tone.

Usually, high blood pressure does not occur in a healthy person, only slight changes are possible during the day.

A constant level of high blood pressure can be observed against the background of the following pathological processes:

1. Atherosclerotic vascular lesions, loss of elasticity in the natural aging process. Blood circulation in such vessels cannot occur adequately, which is reflected by high pressure.
2. A large amount of blood in the vascular bed can be observed with water and electrolyte disorders in the body, pathology of the excretory mechanism of the kidneys, with massive infusions.
3. Heart disease interferes with normal organ function, optimal blood flow, and heart rate. Vessels strive to compensate for such interruptions, but their possibilities are not eternal.
4. In modern society, another mechanism for the formation of elevated blood pressure has been identified - the impact of constant stress and psychological stress. Stress hormones constrict blood vessels compensatory, fearing for the blood supply to vital organs, which forms high blood pressure.

What underlies the increase in pressure, the doctor determines during various diagnostic measures. Established etiology determines the drugs used for treatment.

Fast acting medicines

The symptoms of high blood pressure are effectively relieved by taking at least two medicines. The combination of drugs is chosen by the doctor depending on the results of the examination and the patient's history. It is possible to reduce pressure against the background of such therapy gradually and without negative effects on all organs and systems.

High blood pressure pills are an extensive list.

Most often in medical practice, fast-acting drugs are prescribed:

• Captopril is a drug prescribed for all forms of hypertension: primary and symptomatic. It effectively relieves pressure without affecting the heart. This ensures the safety of its use in heart failure, as well as to reduce pressure in patients who have had a heart attack.
• Capoten is a broad-spectrum and fast-acting drug for combined hypertension and other cardiac pathologies. He is able to lower the pressure in a matter of minutes, subject to its psychosomatic increase.
• Zokardis 30 is also included in the list of antihypertensive drugs of the fast-acting regimen. Its ability to dilate blood vessels allows you to eliminate high levels of blood pressure without harm to the heart muscle.
• Enalapril - the mechanism for lowering the pressure of this agent is provided due to its action as a mild diuretic and the removal of excess fluid. Moreover, the drug retains the required amount of mineral elements.
• Enap is an analogue of the above-described means of another production. It is distinguished by better absorption and the earliest onset of the effect, but is not always available in domestic pharmacies.
• Enam is also an analogue of enalapril, but more modern and produced in a convenient form for resorption under the tongue.

• Berlipril 10 is a drug of a fundamentally different action. It blocks the kidney enzymes responsible for regulating blood pressure. ACE inhibitors are becoming the drugs of choice for people with heart or lung failure.
• Ko-renitek is a combination drug of enalapril and a diuretic. It has a quick effect of reducing pressure, as well as its long duration, which has spread it in medical practice.
• Renipril is also a representative of ACE inhibitors. Its action of lowering pressure is due not only to the breakdown of angiotensin, but also to the blocking of bradykinin, an important biologically active substance that dilates blood vessels.
• Lisinopril is the same ACE inhibitor, optimal in terms of cost and speed of onset of effect.
• Diroton is an imported analogue of lisinopril with a higher absorption rate, and, therefore, the speed of the onset of the effect. This pressure medicine has proven itself in the elderly.
• Prestarium A - eliminates arterial hypertension against the background of chronic heart problems. These drugs are effective in patients with a history of stroke or ischemic stroke.
• Ko-Perineva - is a complex drug for the elimination of high blood pressure. It acts as a gentle diuretic, and also dilates blood vessels and strengthens their worn wall.

• Hartil is a drug tropic not only to the cardiovascular system, but also to the lungs. It has a relaxing effect on blood vessels to reduce their resistance, which is also important for gas exchange in the pulmonary capillaries. Reduced pressure in them allows you to optimally saturate the blood with oxygen and restore balance in the body.
• Parnavel - not only participates in lowering blood pressure, but also restores the elastic properties of worn vessels. Due to the established blood circulation, the myocardium is restored, which loses signs of hypertrophy.
• Amprilan - is also included in the list of funds that restore the worn-out wall of blood vessels. The drugs of this group are also effective in the prevention of renal pathology and ischemic catastrophes of the heart and brain.

All of these funds are prescribed by the doctor due to the individuality of each patient. Taking drugs usually does not require hospital monitoring, it is also possible at home, when the symptoms of a sharp increase in pressure make themselves felt, which is confirmed by a diagnostic measurement of the parameter.

Diuretic therapy

The appointment of diuretics in clinical antihypertensive practice is effective and justified. The mechanism of their action is aimed at the accelerated work of the kidneys as an excretory element. The drugs remove fluid that creates additional pressure in the bloodstream, maintaining electrolyte balance in the body. They also reduce the swelling of the vascular walls themselves, which increases the lumen of the arteries and veins, and, consequently, lowers the pressure.

Naturally, diuretics are prescribed in the absence of any renal pathology. Drugs increase urination, which is a normal and necessary condition for diuretic therapy.

The list of diuretic drugs is also quite extensive, so that the doctor has a wide choice to prescribe a specific drug for each patient with individual history:

Indapamide - the drug is named after its active substance with diuretic and vasodilatory properties. It effectively removes water to reduce pressure, but is capable of entraining chloride and potassium ions. This causes its caution in the use of patients with cardiac pathology and rhythm failures.

Hydrochlorothiazide - also named after the active substance, has long been used and proven as an element of effective pressure reduction and, in particular, vascular tone. It is prescribed as an independent agent, as well as in combination therapy for severe forms of hypertension and its complications.

Arifon retard is a long-lasting remedy that helps to forget about the symptoms of excruciating hypertension. The diuretic effect is combined with the restoration of smooth vascular muscles, which can further relax and not form additional resistance in the bloodstream. Its diuretic effect is also gentle, which does not greatly increase the urge to urinate.

Diuretics are prescribed for hypertension, as the main drugs, most often. Their simple but effective mechanism of action lowers blood pressure in almost all categories of patients without side effects and with rapid relief of patients.

Beta blockers for blood pressure

According to the mechanism of action, the drugs have proven themselves in patients with combined cardiovascular pathology due to their affinity for special receptors. Receptive centers are located in the heart muscle and vascular wall. Under the action of blockers, the stroke volume and the frequency of heart beats decrease, the vessels, in turn, expand. Medicines of this series are effective in the treatment of aggravated hypertension, in people with a history of myocardial infarction or cerebral hemorrhage, in chronic heart failure and rhythm disturbances.

List of beta-blockers in demand in medical practice:

• Atenolol is a unique triple action drug: it normalizes blood pressure due to vasodilation, relieves angina paroxysmal pain, eliminates rhythm failures and supraventricular arrhythmias. The drug substance of the same name belongs to selective blockers and acts on cardiac and vascular receptor centers.
• Carvedilol has similar blood pressure lowering, antianginal and vasodilatory effects. It is effective in any cardiac pathology, in particular, chronic insufficiency.
• Concor - acts on beta1 receptors in the heart and works as blockers of their receptive centers. It is capable of lowering blood pressure due to the increased immunity of the heart to stress hormones, in particular, to adrenaline.
• Bisoprolol - can not only lower blood pressure, but also remove ischemia and rhythm disturbances due to vasodilation and subsequent gradual enrichment of the myocardium with oxygen. Preparations of various production with this name have an original design of tablet forms: a brightly colored pink or yellow shell turns into a white core.
• Biprol - a trade analogue of the above remedy, combines the same properties of lowering pressure, eliminating ischemic pain in the heart area, restoring the normal rhythm of the heart muscle.

• Coronal - as a selective beta-blocker affects the heart and reduces its output, which is restored over time. During this period, the vascular bed rests and does not provide powerful resistance. The hypotensive effect is combined with antianginal.
• Niperten - restores a normal heart rhythm and reduces pressure by slowing down the frequency of contractions. The myocardium becomes less demanding on oxygen, which blocks the pain attack.

High pressure sartans

The hypoxic and hypotensive state of the body provokes the release of a biologically active substance, renin, by the kidneys. Its activity is directed to another enzyme angiotensinogen, which turns into a simpler angiotensin I. In turn, it needs an angiotensin-converting enzyme for subsequent modification into angiotensin II. Sartan drugs block exactly the last enzyme.

Angiotensin II is highly active in relation to vascular receptors, which cause prolonged and unshakable high blood pressure. Its blocking in the body cancels this effect.

However, sartans do not completely solve the problem of hypertension. Angiotensin II is able to be fermented from its precursor by means of other substances - chymases. At the same time, the narrowing of the vessels occurs, of course, not to the full extent, but sufficient to facilitate the reduction of pressure. Sartans or ACE inhibitors compete with diuretics in frequency of prescription. Their action is just as mild and lasts up to a day. Side effects due to the impact on the only regulatory mechanism are not observed, which leads to their use in hypertensive patients with severe and complicated forms.

Most often among the sartans are appointed:

Losartan-Richter is an excellent tool that eliminates the signs of high blood pressure for up to a day. Vasodilatation effectively reduces pressure without a pathological effect on the heart in chronic insufficiency.

Lozap - the so-called prodrug is fully activated only in the bloodstream of patients. Tablet forms act on the vessels, relaxing them for hypotensive action.

Lorista is effective against hypertension associated with heart failure of various stages. The active component of losartan potassium is included in the drug along with magnesium stearate, which has a full restorative effect on the heart muscle.

Valz - contains one of the representatives of sartans - valsartan, which has a great affinity for peripheral vessels. The hypotensive effect occurs within an hour from the moment of administration and requires re-application only after 24 hours.

When the appointment of sartans does not bring relief to patients, their therapy is supplemented with calcium channel blockers. Calcium ions play a role in the formation of the action potential, which is necessary for the passage of a nerve impulse that triggers the entire autonomic system of the heart. Rhythm and cardiac output decrease, which mediates a decrease in pressure.

• Amlodipine - eliminates hypertension and the initial manifestations of angina pectoris. Its effect is not limited to the heart, but also passes to the vascular wall, relaxing the tense tissue. The vasospasm slowly subsides, as does the high total peripheral resistance.
• Corinfar - has a domestic name "Nifedipin". Both drugs act on slow-type calcium channels, which increases the flow of blood through the coronary arteries, and, therefore, improves the oxygen state of the heart. Blood circulation is also optimized in the kidneys, which remove excess fluid. The peripheral channel also expands and enriches the organs with oxygen in hypoxia.
• Verapamil is a selective slow blocker that eliminates any rhythm failures and ventricular arrhythmias. In the practice of ambulance, it acts as an emergency analgesic and antihypertensive agent.

• Diltiazem is a drug similar in mechanism of action to verapamil, but is preferred for use in patients with a history of ischemic disorders. With its help, angina pectoris attacks are stopped quickly, as is the restoration of the heart rhythm.

Naturally, other drugs were previously used that proved their effectiveness to the elderly, which is now quite difficult to switch to modern drugs. Nevertheless, the same Validol has some hypotensive effect and is easy to use when resorbed under the tongue, but rather acts like a placebo. Doctors do not advise taking it with every pain attack in the heart, but only to stop the first and slight pressure rises in various stressful situations.

Thus, there are extremely many different forms of drugs for pressure.

A comprehensive examination usually includes detailed blood tests, ultrasound diagnostics of the heart and large vessels, kidneys, and liver with special indications. In drawing up a treatment plan, everything is important for a doctor: from cholesterol levels to urea levels. A comprehensive analysis will make it possible to understand the risks of a heart attack, cerebral hemorrhage, and even type 2 diabetes.

Statistical studies of scientists have shown that regular examinations, including elementary procedures once every six months, significantly prolong the life of any person, regardless of the field of activity and its harmfulness. They form a general vision of the state of health and indicate the necessary preventive measures for a particular disease that can be introduced into habitual life without resorting to a long list of drugs for pressure, sometimes expensive and requiring a clear schedule for use. Any disease is easier to prevent than to cure, the great Latin philosophers said.