High blood pressure drugs new generation

High blood pressure is a disease with a mass of symptoms that changes the life of everyone who has encountered this pathology. Hypertension is not selective by age and can affect any member of the younger generation, however, it is more common after forty years of age in combination with atherosclerotic damage to the body. Two combined pathologies are a real scourge of modern medicine, which directs funds and efforts to find the most effective drug that eliminates the symptoms of both diseases quickly and without recurrence. Combination therapy requires maximum effect with minimum dosages of drugs.

Symptoms of hypertension

The search for the best remedy for high blood pressure is invariably associated with the clinical picture and symptoms of the disease. Modern research shows that in the human body there are many mechanisms for regulating vascular tone, which leads to many drugs in the fight against pressure when they fail. The pressure is directly regulated by the vessels themselves, as well as the heart, kidneys, and brain.

High blood pressure primarily affects small-caliber vessels and even smaller capillaries. The small vascular network of the visual organ, kidneys, and brain is important for the body.

Therefore, the first symptoms of hypertension are disorders of these organs:

1. Clinic of vision loss, inability to see the details of objects at dusk, difficulty in night vision and when driving.
2. Violations of the excretory function of the kidneys, frequent infectious diseases of the organs, intoxication syndrome.
3. Excruciating headaches without a clear localization. There may be frequent dizziness, feelings of nausea, episodes of loss of consciousness during sudden movements, overwork.
4. The first symptoms of hypertension are often accompanied by excessive fatigue, sleepiness, distraction, and decreased concentration. Resistance to high vascular tone requires significant energy costs, which creates a noticeable decline in strength.

Usually, a person who is confident in his health skips such symptoms and tries not to notice, referring to stress, poor ecology, irregular working hours.

From stable, uncontrolled high blood pressure, dangerous catastrophes also occur in the form of a hemorrhage in the brain or a heart attack of the heart muscle.

The drugs used for arterial hypertension are designed to deal with the first and subsequent manifestations of a dangerous pathology. The success of therapy largely depends on its timeliness and the absence of irreversible complications.

Drug therapy for hypertension

Multifactorial disease hypertension requires a special approach in the treatment. Drugs are rarely prescribed in this case with only one mechanism of action, an experienced doctor uses a combination of therapeutic techniques.

The pharmacological industry is currently successfully developing and offers a choice of drugs that are different in cost and effectiveness. The list of remedies for hypertension is truly diverse and sometimes makes it difficult to choose. A qualified doctor bases his treatment on a detailed examination of the patient and accurate laboratory diagnosis. They clarify the clinical picture and indicate which drugs will be more effective.

For a long time, diuretic drugs have declared themselves as fast and safe means of lowering blood pressure. The mechanism of their action is based on the removal of the water component of the blood, which reduces its specific gravity, and, therefore, the pressure on the walls of the vascular bed. Diuretic tablets give an extremely fast effect, which is indispensable in the event of the threat of ischemic catastrophes. The action of thiazide diuretics is supplemented by blocking the additional absorption of water and salts when the vessels recognize a decrease in blood mass.

In medical practice, the following diuretic drugs are often used:

• Hydrochlorothiazide is a tablet of an independent substance, but can also be produced in combination with other drugs. Their dosage is enough for a single dose, which is preferably carried out in the morning. Long-term use of the drug is accompanied by such a side effect as the excretion of potassium ions necessary for the normal functioning of the heart muscle. Combined therapy with hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone helps prevent this.
• Furosemide replaces thiazide diuretics when the latter are ineffective. This usually happens with a combined pathology with damage to the kidneys or heart.

Furosemide tablets may have a different trade name - lasix, but these drugs also remove the potassium necessary for the heart muscle, and also disable carbohydrate and fat metabolism. Deprived of this side effect, indapamide has a short-term effect and is used in emergency conditions. As an alternative, osmotic preparations can be used, among which beckons are more in demand.

• The potassium-sparing drug spironolactone does not have the side effects of the diuretics described above, but has its own list of adverse reactions. Long-term use of it provokes impotence even in young men, and women begin to suffer from hormonal fluctuations, menstrual disorders, drug-induced infertility.

Modern approaches to the treatment of high blood pressure include the appointment of beta-blockers. The first testing of the isolated active substance of the drug group showed its effect on sensitive receptors in the heart, which react in the form of a slowdown in the work of the heart. The amount of blood and the strength of its ejection remain at the same level, but the number of contractions falls.

Against this background, the number of pulse waves per minute also decreases.

• Bisoprolol and its new generation analogues - Concor, Coronal - qualitatively reduce pressure due to heart contractions that occur less frequently. A side effect is observed in most patients in the form of a cough, since receptors susceptible to the drug are also found in the bronchi, which react to the drug by constricting them.

• Metoprolol, propranolol, nebivalol are not without this side effect with long-term use, but show a greater therapeutic effect in the elderly. They are able to fight migraine attacks, congestion in the lungs, heart failure of somatic etiology.

Sartans are mainly tablet forms that affect the production of renin. The latter has a unique ability to lower blood pressure through a whole cycle of biochemical reactions.

Medicines of this group have been discovered relatively recently, for which they are called new generation drugs. To date, these funds fully justify themselves with their effectiveness and safety for any age.

Losartan, as a new representative of antihypertensive therapy, has a lasting effect even with long-term use. With increasing symptoms, it is possible to increase the dosage, which does not cause addiction and the appearance of side effects.

The tablets of this remedy have undergone many studies and have a huge base of evidence for its effectiveness. It is losartan that shows the most pronounced clinical effect compared to its analogues - eprosartan, valsartan.

ACE inhibitors also have a mechanism of action associated with renal regulation. The aforementioned renin triggers the conversion of the first-line angiotensinogen active agent into the second-line under the action of angiotensin-converting enzyme.

The drugs of this series block this chain reaction, which occurs when the vascular tone falls or the volume of circulating blood decreases. ACE-inhibiting drugs can even treat very high blood pressure, but their effect is short-lived.

These drugs are also prescribed for hypertension against the background of diabetes mellitus, a history of myocardial infarction, and other cardiac pathologies.

1. Enalapril - tablets with a mild form of hypertension of an average duration of action. A single dose of the drug supervises high blood pressure indicators and allows you to forget about his clinic. In case of malignancy of the disease, the dosage of the agent can be increased, as well as the frequency of administration due to the absence of side effects and the occurrence of dependence.
2. Lisinopril is a drug with a longer duration of action, which allows you to establish pressure control for the whole day.
3. Captopril - requires taking with each new rise in pressure. It is also prescribed twice or thrice a day for systemic therapy.

Preparations of this series may have a dry cough as a side effect, which dictates the abolition of the remedy.

Another new generation of drugs are calcium antagonists, which are based on the excretion of this ion. Positively charged calcium creates an additional tone of the muscle fiber, which is also available as a vascular layer. The pressure drop is due to the relaxation of the muscles, which causes some side effects.

1. Amlodipine - tablets of this drug are well tolerated in small doses. Among the undesirable effects, headaches of a paroxysmal nature, reddening of the face and a feeling of heat, ascending cold edema, sensations of rapid heartbeat can be observed.
2. Nifedipine has given way to new-generation analogues (Corinfar) with improved tolerability. These drugs are contraindicated in concomitant cardiac pathology.

Innovative medicines

Such tablets have clear advantages, because previously a portable first-aid kit for hypertension included up to a dozen medicines of various pharmacological forms. Now one drug can replace several others, and its composition is carefully selected and meets therapeutic standards.

Long-term drugs are somewhat relegated to another plan due to other advantages of innovative antihypertensive drugs:

• The composition of the combined medicine is carefully selected. Certain dosages of drugs do not interrupt each other's actions and can even potentiate the effect.
• The practicality of the application lies in a convenient single dose. The latest drugs completely establish control over pressure for up to three days from one application.

• The number of side effects is minimized or they are completely absent.
• Long-term use of drugs does not cause dependence, does not require an increase in dose.
• The components of the combined drugs are low allergenic, well tolerated by all categories of patients with hypertension.

It was the integrated approach to the treatment of high blood pressure that prompted the creation and development of combined drugs. The variety of regulatory mechanisms of vascular tone and blood volume necessitates the need to influence several systems simultaneously.

In the modern world, such a situation is developing that, despite modernized diagnostic methods, hypertension can be recognized when it has acquired a chronic condition. Then drugs to stop this condition are prescribed for life. Renin inhibitors or sartans are used in this case based on modern scientific works. The new drugs of this series - Alskiren and Cardosal - are completely devoid of the painful symptom when using sartans - dry cough.

Cardosal embodied all the best achievements of medicine. Convenient tablet form allows you to control the pressure in one morning dose. Optimization of vascular tone occurs with systemic use. The percentage of side effects is close to zero: cough, runny nose, episodic headaches, malaise, joint and bone pain are extremely rare and are mainly associated with individual intolerance to the drug.

Severe side effects are observed with medical errors due to ignoring contraindications. Hepatic and renal insufficiency, thrombocytopenia may occur in pregnant women, children under 18 years of age, persons with somatic pathology of the kidneys.

Lozap, as a drug to reduce pressure by blocking type 2 angiotensin receptors, does an excellent job. The vascular bed against the background of its intake loses the signal to narrow and relaxes with the formation of an additional volume for the blood content. Lozap plus additionally contains a thiazide diuretic and is also well tolerated by patients of all ages. Although the instruction warns of possible disorders of the respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive systems, side effects occur only with individual intolerance.

Olmesartan is the most recent calcium antagonist. It is used in those patients whose arterial is supervised by the intake of this particular group, and the transition to it allows you to reduce vascular tone faster and more efficiently.

Diuretics continue to be popular drugs to lower blood pressure quickly and safely. The newest torasemide is now also used in patients with glucose tolerance, in the elderly with many comorbidities.

Struggling for popularity and such a new ACE inhibitor as Fosinopril. Its properties give a quick and safe effect and often help out with hypertensive crises.

Beta-blockers have also improved. An effective decrease in heart rate and vasodilation continue to be accompanied by the formation of an addiction syndrome. But the effectiveness of modernized drugs is much higher.

Enalapril and its modern upgrades have retained their ability to stop high blood pressure during its emergency rise. Enalapril invariably helps out in situations where no drug can cope, and the risk of a hypertensive crisis is extremely high. Its quick result lasts up to a day, and a mild diuretic effect also facilitates the general condition of the patient. Against the background of its reception, there is a mild disorder of the stool, short-term muscle spasms, artalgia.

Many pharmaceutical companies are looking for other means to prolong the life of people with hypertension and not reduce their social functionality.

Undoubtedly, modernized medicines do their job better, have passed more clinical studies and trials.

However, their appointment is recommended for the first case of hypertension in the patient's history. The transition from the old drug to a newer one should be carried out with the notification of the attending physician or according to his recommendations. Qualified specialists are aware of pharmaceutical innovations and can correlate all the indications and risks of each specific drug for a person with individual characteristics.

Whatever achievements in the effectiveness and safety of drugs for arterial hypertension the world medical community can boast of, it is better to prevent any disease. In the issue of high blood pressure, a person’s own attitude to his health is important, which will not allow you to miss the fateful symptoms of dangerous diseases.

Hypertension in the initial stages can be stopped by a simple change in lifestyle, when it makes no sense to use innovative drugs. Giving up bad habits, engaging in sports and physical activity, introducing a dietary diet can fight even the most burdened heredity and are the best preventive moment not only for arterial hypertension, but also for a host of other serious somatic diseases. Thus, the body independently forms a powerful immune defense and regulates all elements of metabolism. No modernized drugs are able to restore health to such a level as the human body can do on its own.