Hypertensive disease of the 2nd degree

Hypertension of the 2nd degree develops in violation of the work of the heart and blood vessels. In order to identify the disease in time and prescribe treatment, it is necessary to monitor its symptoms.

Arterial hypertension of the 2nd degree is a disease of the cardiovascular system, in which there is an increase in pressure.

Depending on the symptoms and nature of the lesion, various stages of this disease are diagnosed - the first, second, third and fourth. Pathology of each type has its own manifestations and involves special methods of treatment and rehabilitation.

Main symptoms

These indicators indicate violations in the functioning of the heart and blood vessels, are permanent. Such a disease poses a threat to the whole organism and poses a serious health hazard.

If you notice alarming symptoms in time and consult a doctor, the specialist will be able to make the correct diagnosis and prescribe treatment. Otherwise, the situation threatens with various complications, including disability.

Hypertension of the 2nd degree also has other manifestations:

• dizziness and unstable work of the vestibular apparatus;
• swelling in the face, eyelids, hands;
• manifestation of capillaries on the face;
• pain in the back of the head and temporal region;
• in the morning a person does not feel rested, and weakness and lethargy continue throughout the day;
• blurred vision, black dots before the eyes;
• heartbeat quickens;
• constant tinnitus;
• difficulty remembering;
• instability in the manifestation of emotions and irritability;
• problems of the urinary system;
• increased wall thickness on the left side of the heart.

Other organs are also affected. For example, portal hypertension is characterized by changes in the structure of the liver. The disease develops when the portal vein is blocked, which is also called the portal vein. It is through it that blood flow to the liver is directed.

Portal hypertension has its own symptoms, among which are an increase in the size of the spleen, the formation of ulcers on the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines. With such disorders, there is a high risk of digestive disorders, which include lack of appetite, vomiting, nausea, bloating and pain in the abdomen.

Causes of the disease

The following factors can cause the disease:

• changes in the work of the heart and blood vessels, which are inevitable with age;
• heredity;
• passive lifestyle, lack of physical activity, sedentary work;
• bad habits (excessive consumption of alcohol and drugs);
• increased body weight;
• other diseases in various stages (diabetes mellitus, oncology, problems with the thyroid gland, kidneys);
• excessive salt intake, due to which fluids are more slowly excreted from the body;
• unbalanced diet, frequent inclusion of fatty foods in the diet;
• hormonal disbalance;
• increased tension and stress;
• fast paced life.

This type of disease affects not only the state of the cardiovascular system. Hypertension negatively affects other organs and systems of the body.

Why is hypertension dangerous?

When the blood vessels constrict, the heart begins to function in an enhanced mode so that the blood can pass through the vessels. As a result, the heart muscle begins to work intermittently, which is fraught with various risks and problems.

In particular, portal hypertension causes disturbances in the functioning of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. To minimize the risk of complications, an integrated approach is needed to restore the functioning of various organs.

Increased pressure affects the quality of life, when a person has to constantly monitor his performance, avoid unrest and excessive physical exertion, and carefully compose his diet.

This imposes certain inconveniences in work and everyday life.

1. Risk No. 2 is established in the presence of one or two factors that affect the patient's condition. The probability of developing pathology in other organs is up to 20%. This diagnosis is made in cases where the patient has only an increase in blood pressure. Symptoms are accompanied by severe lesions of the pancreas, there is no portal hypertension.
2. The risk of the third degree signals the regression of the disease, the rate of which is about 30%. In this case, the patient is given other diagnoses, for example, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis, which is accompanied by the appearance of vascular plaques. The work of the liver is disrupted, which means that the manifestations of the disease of the portal type are intensifying. This type of risk can be established in people under the age of 40 years.
3. Risk number 4 is accompanied by a large number of other disorders, which include ischemia, atherosclerosis, diabetes. Hypertension becomes another factor that strikes at the health of the patient.

With the right approach, complications can be avoided if you follow a healthy lifestyle and doctor's recommendations. If the disease was detected in a timely manner, then it is quite possible to maintain the optimal condition of the patient.

With hypertension, there is a chance of getting a disability, since the disease is accompanied by serious risks.

The status of a disabled person is assigned by a special commission, which evaluates the patient's condition and other factors. For registration of disability, a list of documents established by law is submitted.

In the second degree of the disease, pathological changes occur in the region of the heart. Therefore, a patient is assigned a disability of group 3 if his condition often worsens. At the workplace, the patient is not recommended to entrust responsible tasks that require a lot of effort. Otherwise, the likelihood that the state of health will worsen increases. If an employee with a disability is unable to perform his duties, then he has the right to take sick leave.

Disability is also assigned with a portal type of disease.

Diagnostic methods

Modern medicine allows you to examine the patient and make the correct diagnosis. Hypertensive disease of the 2nd degree is detected by analyzing the symptoms that are present in a person.

During the week, the patient's pressure is measured, and this is done at the beginning and at the end of the day. This allows you to track the dynamics of changes and determine at what level pressure indicators are maintained. If the values ​​​​are constantly overestimated, then the doctor draws appropriate conclusions about the course of the disease.

However, it is much easier to determine the stage of the disease using instrumental methods. They are aimed at analyzing the functioning of the vascular system, heart, liver, and the condition of the skin. The heart and lungs are auscultated using a stethoscope, and by tapping, the configuration of the heart muscle can be determined.

With this type of disease, the following examinations are prescribed.

1. Ultrasound of the heart. Particular attention is paid to the left ventricle of the heart muscle, which is most susceptible to changes in hypertension.
2. Ultrasound of other organs (liver, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas). Such a study allows you to determine how much the disease has affected the rest of the body systems. This diagnosis is especially relevant for portal hypertension.
3. Obtaining an electrocardiogram, which can be used to assess the activity of the functioning of the heart.
4. Dopplerography is a method that allows you to analyze the work of the renal arteries. The development of the disease occurs even with small narrowing of the artery. As a result of the diagnosis, any violations in the structure of blood vessels are quickly established.
5. Analysis of the composition of blood and urine.

Based on these examinations, it is possible to make a diagnosis and determine the type of disease. In the future, based on the information received, a treatment program is built.

Treatment Methods

If adverse symptoms appear, you should contact your local therapist. In severe cases, the cardiologist or neuropathologist makes adjustments to the treatment.

The main treatment for stage 2 hypertension is to take the following drugs:

• reducing pressure;
• having a diuretic effect;
• lowering cholesterol levels;
• thinning blood.

If the doctor prescribes medicines, it is necessary to strictly follow the rules for taking them. Some types of medicines need to be used at certain hours. The choice of drugs depends on many factors: the age of the patient, the presence of complications in the work of various organs. To achieve positive dynamics, drugs are taken for a long period of time.

In addition to the main treatment, the use of herbal cathedrals is allowed. Plants such as mint, chamomile, valerian, horsetail lower pressure. However, before using folk remedies, you should definitely consult a doctor who will determine the proportions and dosage for taking herbal infusions.

Additional recommendations for treatment

In the case of hypertension, increased attention is paid to additional methods of treatment. This includes changing your lifestyle and committing to proper nutrition. First of all, it is necessary to give up bad habits, which include smoking, drinking alcohol and drugs of a narcotic nature.

From your diet should be excluded:

• fast food;
• spicy food with lots of spices and salt;
• reduce your intake of animal fats.

Culinary products and drinks containing caffeine are also prohibited.

Preference should be given to fruits, vegetables and greens. Parsley and garlic are especially useful for disorders of the heart and blood vessels. Many useful substances are found in nuts and dried fruits. It is also recommended to prepare soups from vegetables, cereals or milk.

With hypertension, physiotherapy, which is prescribed by the attending physician, is less effective. Specific methods of treatment are determined based on the nature of the disease and the age of the patient. Daily it is recommended to perform a set of physical exercises that help normalize blood pressure and speed up blood flow. The result of such training is the strengthening of the heart muscle. However, you should not get carried away with loads, otherwise you can get the opposite effect.

Patients with hypertension are recommended sanatorium treatment. Medicinal baths, showers, rubdowns, electrophoresis, and walks in the fresh air have a positive effect on the body.

Prevention of hypertension

To reduce the risk of developing the disease and avoid negative consequences, it is necessary to adhere to certain recommendations.

• Rejection of bad habits.
• The maximum allowable alcohol intake is 30 ml per day.
• Reducing salt in the diet to 5 g daily.
• Proper nutrition, where the content of animal fats and carbohydrates, which are poorly absorbed by the body, is reduced.
• Adding to the menu dishes containing dried fruits, beans, herbs, low-fat cottage cheese. They contain magnesium, potassium and calcium.
• Moderate physical activity (exercises in the open air, therapeutic exercises).
• Fighting excess weight (it is not recommended to lose weight sharply).
• Allocate at least 8 hours for sleep.
• Compliance with the daily routine: go to bed and get up at the same time.
• Avoidance of stress, excessive worries.
• Timely access to a doctor, especially with the portal type of hypertension.

These tips will help reduce pressure and the likelihood of developing hypertension, including portal hypertension.