What is malignant hypertension (hypertension)?

A very large number of people are faced with such a negative phenomenon as malignant arterial hypertension. This phenomenon is extremely dangerous for the body, as it can provoke the development of a number of very serious complications. That is why it is very important to establish the cause of the development of this phenomenon as early as possible and determine the optimal treatment measures.

Symptoms

In most cases, such a phenomenon as malignant hypertension does not manifest itself in any way.

Symptoms of the disease appear in the process of development of the disease:

• Spontaneous migraines, double vision and blurred vision.
• Periodic fainting.

• Nausea and vomiting associated with high blood pressure.
• Constant elevated blood pressure, which is fixed from the onset of the development of the disease.
• A sharp increase in blood pressure in the evening and at night. Moreover, at night the pressure can be much higher than during the day.
• The rapid growth of blood pressure and complications from the side of the internal organs, developing in a short time, in the period from 1-2 weeks.
• A sharp deterioration in memory and sharpness of vision, which subsequently leads to circulatory disorders. As well as the development of strokes, which lead to brain damage, destroying blood vessels.
• A rapid decline in vision, and in some cases complete blindness. Blindness occurs due to damage to the vessels of the fundus.
• Increasing pain and weakness throughout the body, swelling of the limbs, weight loss. All of these factors can also indicate kidney failure.

Causes of malignant hypertensive crisis

In most cases, such a dangerous disease is detectable, and, as a result, it can be localized. In this case, a diagnosis of "symptomatic arterial hypertension" is made, that is, an increase in blood pressure, to which the disease has led.

Diseases that cause this disease:

• Renovascular hypertension.

It is found in only two out of ten people. This disease is a violation of the functioning of the renal vessels, which greatly complicates the flow of blood to the kidneys. As a result, the body begins to experience low pressure, and therefore abruptly begins to release active substances that lead to an increase in blood pressure.

• Parenchymal diseases.

These ailments are the reason for the occurrence of acute hypertension in every 10th patient.

• Pheochromocytoma.

This disease is an inflammation of the adrenal glands, which at the same time release substances into the body and rapidly increase blood pressure. The disease is detected in 50% of the total number of cases.

• Inflammation and swelling of the kidneys.

With such diseases, it is urgent to seek help from qualified doctors, as this will help to avoid complications in the future and prevent the development of kidney failure.

Basic diagnostic measures

As a rule, diagnostic measures include:

• Questioning the patient.

During the interview, the patient provides information that further contributes to the diagnosis.

• Analysis of blood and urine.

This measure is necessary to determine the presence of kidney disease, which can act as the main cause of hypertension.

• ECG.

The passage of such a study allows you to establish signs of damage to the heart.

• Measurement of the level of blood pressure.

Monitoring the dynamics of blood pressure during the day will help analyze the presence of a morning rise in pressure.

• Thyroid ultrasound.

This study allows you to identify changes in the thyroid gland.

• Oculist examination.

A visit to this specialist allows you to identify complications associated with vision.

• Determination of hormone levels.

This measure will determine the presence of tumors that can provoke a serious increase in blood pressure.

All these measures help to establish the main cause that provoked the increase in pressure, and significantly speed up the treatment process.

Features of treatment

First of all, treatment is aimed at eliminating the cause that provoked a significant rise in blood pressure. Most often, experts recommend a comprehensive approach and combine drug treatments with non-drug treatments.

The main therapeutic interventions include:

• Weight loss.
• Rejection of bad habits.
• Diet normalization.
• Physical activity.

At the first manifestation of this phenomenon, the specialist immediately stabilizes the level of blood pressure. As a rule, diastolic pressure returns to normal within 24 hours.

To reduce pressure resort to the use of short-acting drugs. And for systematic exposure, several antihypertensive drugs are used. As a rule, only long-acting drugs are used for treatment. This measure helps to ensure smooth control of blood pressure and allows you to reduce the number of medications taken.

The dosage of drugs is determined solely by a specialist based on the characteristics of the patient's condition. The pressure should decrease as smoothly as possible. This is due to the fact that a sharp decrease in blood pressure can provoke the development of coronary disease.

Consequences and main preventive measures

There are quite a lot of various complications that can arise against the background of this phenomenon and lead to the development of serious health problems.

There are such complications:

• Stroke.

This is one of the most common complications that develops with this phenomenon. Quite often it leads to disability or death.

• Blindness.

This phenomenon also acts as one of the most common complications. Its occurrence is due to hemorrhage in the area of ​​the retina.

• Ischemia.

This disease acts as one of the complications and is characterized by insufficient blood supply.

• Angina.

With the development of such a complication, a significant narrowing of the lumen of the cardiac arteries occurs. Quite often this phenomenon is accompanied by pain in the chest.

• Heart attack.

This kind of complication is characterized by the death of a certain part of the organ, which is provoked by insufficient blood supply.

• Heart failure.

Deficiency can be triggered by significant blood stasis, which is characteristic of hypertension.

• Failures in the work of the heart.

Quite often, malignant hypertension is accompanied by impaired functioning of the heart. There may be violations of the heart rate and the sequence of contractions.

• Diseases of the kidneys.

Significant complications such a phenomenon can also provoke from the side of the kidneys. As a rule, against the background of all complications, renal failure develops.

The following factors act as the consequences of malignant hypertension:

• With proper treatment and timely assistance, patients with this diagnosis live for more than 5 years.
• Stroke is the main cause of death. Ischemia and renal failure can also lead to death.

As for the main preventive measures, it is worth noting that this phenomenon develops quite suddenly. As a rule, it occurs against the background of hypertension.

There may be several reasons for its development:

• Ineffective treatment.

Incorrect treatment, exposure without taking into account the characteristics of the body, long breaks - all this can lead to a severe form of hypertension.

• Smoking.

Due to the effect of cigarettes on blood vessels in smokers, arterial hypertension is diagnosed 5 times more often.

• Problems with blood clotting.

Too thick blood can also provoke an increase in blood pressure.

The main preventive measure for this phenomenon is the timely elimination of any negative conditions that are associated with a significant increase in blood pressure. Also very important is the rejection of bad habits.

Thus, malignant hypertension is not such a rare phenomenon. As a rule, its development is directly related to the low effectiveness of treatment or the influence of negative factors. The symptoms that indicate it are quite similar to the main signs of a crisis.