Emergency care for acute cardiovascular insufficiency

The nursing process in acute cardiovascular insufficiency plays an important role in the treatment. It is the nurse who monitors the accuracy of the implementation of medical instructions.

Acute cardiovascular failure is manifested by a decrease in the contractility of the heart muscle (myocardium). This leads to circulatory disorders in the heart and lungs, most often the death of the patient occurs.

The main causes of the development of pathology are myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease. Hypertension can also cause heart failure. The disease can affect not only the elderly, but also newborns. A frequent consequence of the disease is death, so the first signs should be the reason for going to the doctor.

Urgent Care

HF is one of the leading causes of death in the elderly. After 60 years, common causes of pathology are diabetes mellitus in combination with hypertension. Some causes of the disease are irreversible. Symptoms of the disease in children and adults are the same.

First aid for acute heart failure consists of the following actions:

1. Call medical workers.
2. Provide access to fresh air.
3. Give the patient a sitting position.
4. To reduce blood flow to the heart, tourniquets must be applied to the arms and legs without disturbing arterial blood flow.
5. Dip your feet in hot water.
6. If these measures do not bring relief, emergency care should consist of chest compressions and artificial respiration.

If emergency care is provided incorrectly or not quite on time, then the consequence will be the death of the patient.

Emergency care for acute heart failure in children is aimed at eliminating the cause of deterioration in well-being.

For children, follow the following action plan:

1. Reduce overload on the heart.
2. Reduce pressure in blood vessels.
3. Reduce the permeability of the alveolar-capillary membranes.
4. Enhance myocardial contractility. For this, glucosides are prescribed.
5. Improve metabolic exchange in the myocardium.

After stabilization of the condition, diuretics are used to treat children, and in the presence of edema, cardiotrophic drugs are used. The first aid process must be carried out very quickly to avoid death. For the treatment of children, smaller doses of drugs are used than for adults.

Nursing care for heart failure

Nursing process is the provision of care by a nurse to a patient. The nurse receives information about the doctor's prescriptions and makes sure that the patient strictly adheres to them.

To date, the nursing process consists of the following steps:

• Nursing examination and diagnosis.
• Goal setting and scope planning.

The nursing process begins with the examination of the patient.

The nurse must do the following:

• Assess the patient's condition, identify the causes of the disease.
• Measure body temperature and analyze the state of breathing.
• Determine the heart rate and measure blood pressure.
• Check the patient's ability to meet their natural needs.
• Find out if the patient uses any medical equipment.
• It is also necessary to measure the height, weight and volume of the patient's chest.

The nursing process at the stage of diagnosis consists of observation and conversation with a person. Nursing care consists in facilitating the external reaction of the patient to the disease.

The nurse should worry not only about the problems that the patient has at the moment, but also to identify signs of a possible worsening of the course of the disease.

The nursing process after examination and diagnosis consists of drawing up a proper care schedule that will protect the patient from conditions that complicate the course of the disease.

Help from a nurse can be:

• short term;
• long term.

Short-term care is carried out within a few weeks, and long-term care includes prevention training, the patient's adaptation to society, and the prevention of disease exacerbations.

After drawing up a process plan, the nurse must coordinate her actions with the patient, and in the treatment of children - with the parents. She must enlist the support and consent of the patient.

The nursing process consists of independent, dependent and interdependent activities:

1. In the first case, help is to measure the pulse, temperature and pressure. The nurse conducts these procedures for her own reasons to monitor the patient's condition.
2. The nurse provides dependent assistance under the supervision of a doctor, for example, injects, conducts laboratory or instrumental studies.
3. Mutually dependent care is the practice of a nurse working with a doctor. For example, assisting during operations.

If the nursing process does not give the desired result, then the action plan is reviewed and adjustments are made. Nurse assistance should meet the basic requirements of the patient's body, maintain and restore the patient's independence in self-care.

The nurse must teach the patient or parents (during the treatment of children) the principles of proper nutrition. It is also necessary to control the intake of medications and make a regimen of physical activity.

It is necessary to teach the patient to observe the rules of personal hygiene on their own.

To alleviate some symptoms and improve the patient's condition, the nurse performs the following actions:

1. Helps the patient to assume a comfortable position that reduces symptoms such as shortness of breath and palpitations.
2. Ensures that the patient adheres to the doctor's instructions.
3. Controls the patient's breathing and pulse. If symptoms such as a slow pulse, an overdose of glycosides in a patient occur, this should be reported to the doctor.
4. Provides oxygen therapy.
5. Monitors for symptoms such as swelling and blueness of the skin.
6. To alleviate the unpleasant symptoms of the disease, the nurse recommends that the patient wear loose clothing, without tight elastic bands.
7. If necessary, controls the amount of fluid drunk and urine output per day.
8. There are psychological signs of the disease. The patient begins to think that death will soon overtake him, depression may develop. Therefore, the nurse tries to cheer up the person and increase his confidence in improving well-being.
9. The nurse tells the patient about the side effects of the prescribed drugs and the rules for taking them. controls their intake.
10. If necessary, puts a cleansing enema.
11. Ventilate the room before going to bed.
12. Make sure that the last meal was no later than 3-4 hours before bedtime.
13. Teaches relatives of the patient to measure blood pressure and pulse, give an enema and prevent pressure sores, constipation and pneumonia.

Taking into account the duties of a nurse, we can conclude that the nursing process greatly facilitates the patient's condition, eliminates the manifestations of pathologies and helps the patient to adapt to society after recovery. Proper care can avoid such consequences as sudden death.

The nursing process plays an important role in the treatment of children and adults from acute cardiovascular insufficiency. The care and support of nurses can significantly improve the patient's well-being and postpone death.