Is it possible to play sports with heart disease and what sports are allowed

People know the life-giving power of physical activity. Sport can be an effective tool in the fight against heart disease, an assistant during recovery after surgery. Severe diseases of the heart muscle do not interfere with enjoying the movement, they are not a death sentence, in which it remains to live out years in four walls. However, uncontrolled loading in this case is unacceptable.

Contraindications for physical activity

Heart disease and sports are compatible. The type of sport and the nature of the exercises are strictly determined by the cardiologist, since he can determine such a load on the heart that will not harm the patient.

• acquired when heart pathology manifests itself at any age after birth;
• congenital, when the intrauterine development of the heart occurred with a deviation and the child is born with a pathology.

Sports activity is possible as a therapy after a major operation in order to restore the full functioning of the heart as soon as possible. The patient is prescribed a course of exercise therapy - physiotherapy exercises. Classes become mandatory.

Before surgery and at the stage of drug treatment, doctors pay attention to the ability of the heart to carry out blood circulation, since with increased activity, the need for oxygen in organs increases.

• with cases of loss of consciousness;
• with sharp jumps in heart rate at rest (tachycardia);
• with fibrillation and atrial flutter (atrial fibrillation);
• if there is a risk of a heart attack (severe forms of atherosclerosis, thrombosis);
• in the later stages of the defect;
• after illness with pericardial involvement.

Contraindications appear when there is a possibility that a person with a heart defect may die suddenly. During the collection of anamnesis (information about the patient and his illness), the doctor will definitely ask about such cases among the next of kin.

Physical activities for children with congenital heart disease

In early childhood, control over the activity of the child falls on the parental shoulders. Outdoor games should not be banned, but it is necessary to monitor their duration.

1. ASD (atrial septal defect).
2. VSD (ventricular septal defect).
3. Open arterial defect.
4. Lack of hypertrophy (enlargement of the heart), pulmonary hypertension.

Such vices are considered safe, called "small". But there are severe heart defects, when four or five pathological changes are diagnosed at the same time - complex defects. For example, a child with Fallot's tetrad experiences pain in the chest during exercise, and the limbs may become blue. Therefore, circulatory disorders become another contraindication.

Moderate exercise is possible if the patient tolerates it without symptoms with one of the following diagnoses:

• mitral valve prolapse;
• mild stenosis of the mitral, pulmonary or aortic valves;
• mild valvular insufficiency.

Refuse increased activity should be in the first six months after surgery. In difficult cases, recovery will take a year of life.

At school, the class teacher, teachers, physical education teachers monitor the distribution of the load. After a cardiological examination, a certificate with a diagnosis and recommendations is provided to the school.

• with the rest of classmates and the course of individual load;
• exercise therapy classes;
• alternative classes (additional technology lessons, fine arts, chess sections and others).

Types of allowable load

Restrictions for patients with acquired and congenital malformations are similar. Both types of defects do not allow increased and prolonged load.

1. Isometric low activity type.
2. Isotonic type with low to moderate activity.

Isometric exercises are understood as muscle tension without movement for several seconds, followed by relaxation (squeezing an object, focusing on a wall). Moderate and high activity during isometric exercise can lead to disruption of the heart, increased pressure, loss of consciousness of the patient.

Wider range of isotonic exercises. These are gymnastic and athletic loads with muscle contraction and joint mobility.

A patient with heart disease, taking into account the permitted types, can devote himself to the following sports:

• billiards;
• bowling;
• cricket;
• golf;
• shooting from any type of weapon;
• baseball;
• softball;
• tennis (table, doubles);
• volleyball;
• badminton;
• sports walking;
• classic skiing;
• squash;
• skates;
• curling.

With caution, you can get involved in jumping, fencing, running short and medium distances. Cycling, boxing, martial arts, alpine skiing, rock climbing, football and hockey can become deadly.

Complex exercise therapy

Physiotherapy exercises are prescribed for the purpose of rehabilitation after surgical treatment, during the period of compensation (adaptation of the body to the disease). Such activity can become an easy form of fitness for patients with heart disease.

• breathing exercises;
• warm-up exercises;
• some aerobic and anaerobic;
• kinesitherapy.

Breathing exercises are limited, as they increase the flow of venous blood, which can stagnate in the lungs or heart chambers, leading to the formation of blood clots. These include controlled breathing, chest breathing, abdominal breathing. It is normal for the patient to experience mild dizziness.

For a healthy person, a warm-up is a preparation for increased stress.

• lifting arms and legs;
• rotations of different parts of the body;
• slopes;
• walking in place, on toes, with knees raised.

The activity becomes aerobic when the patient actively breathes during the exercise. The volume of blood and lungs increases, which helps to strengthen the heart system, lower cholesterol levels. The anaerobic form of exercise is taken when there is a short-term muscle tension without active breathing, as in a hundred-meter run.

Kinesiotherapy is aimed at improving the functioning of the musculoskeletal system. The activity of this direction has a positive effect on the whole body.

Distinguish between active and passive kinesiotherapy. The therapeutic effect is noticeable after therapy in the form of physical natural movements of a person or exercises on the Bubnovsky simulator.

1. Pain in chest.
2.  Increased heart rate.
3. Sharp weakness.
4. Discomfort.
5. Long-term changes in children: weight loss and cessation, fatigue, loss of appetite.

Sports activities of a person with heart disease are supervised by a specialist. Self-training is allowed after a detailed briefing or visits to general classes.

Domestic Olympic athletes are the standard of perseverance and will. As a child, Valery Kharlamov (1948-1981) was diagnosed with a heart defect after a severe sore throat. Doctors forbade attending physical education classes at school, but secretly from the family, the father of the future Olympic champion enrolled him in the hockey section. The weakened organism of the child was subjected to a dangerous test. The endurance and human qualities of the athlete helped to achieve success in sports.

Panic manifestations of guardianship and an absolute ban on all mobile hobbies of the child will teach him to feel sorry for himself. People with vices achieve less in life, rarely create seven when they do not realize their personal potential. Other health problems are tempered. Patients should understand that they are given the opportunity to enjoy the movement, despite heart disease.